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The Roman Forum is located
in a valley that is between the Palatine Hill
and the Capitoline Hill. It originally was a
marsh, but the Romans drained the area and
turned it into a center of political and social
activity. The Forum was the marketplace of Rome
and also the business district and civic
center. It was expanded to include temples, a
senate house and law courts. The classical form
of these monuments was just as important as the
function of the buildings. The symmetry, grace
and size of each individual construction was
inspired the ideas of harmony, grandeur and
strength. Even today, with many monuments
reduced to ruins, the beauty and power of those
former structures are obvious. The main street
that runs through the Forum is the Via Sacra,
or the Sacred Way. This was the road that
returning heroes marched triumphantly along,
parading their prisoners and prizes from
distant military victories. Many of Rome's
leaders chose to erect monuments along this
route because they wanted to leave their mark
where the greatest number of people would see
it, from the monuments erected by Rome's first
king, Romulus, to the grand structures left by
Constantine. Originally the area of the Forum
was humid and covered in grass, as it was not
suitable for construction. This changed in the
7th century with the construction of the Cloaca
Maxima. More public buildings were
constructed around the square, thus forming a
natural center for the rapidly growing
town. |